Stop The City '83

STOP THE CITY '83

The total disregard for life by those in authority was underlined on September 1st of 1983 when a Korean civilian airliner en route from New York to Seoul via Alaska was shot down by Russian jet fighters, killing all 269 passengers and crew. After initially denying all knowledge of the incident, Russia soon admitted responsibility, claiming that the plane had been on a spying mission. Whether this was true or if the airliner had simply strayed into Soviet airspace by accident was beside the point because the bottom line of it was that hundreds of entirely innocent men, women and children had been murdered for absolutely no reason at all.

For the next few weeks the drums of war beat louder than ever before as anti-Soviet sentiment escalated and Cold War paranoia grew ever more starker. Exactly how close was the world at that moment to all out war? Who knew? Precisely how many minutes were there to midnight on the nuclear clock? How could anyone tell? For those who had been on board Korean Flight 007, World War Three had arrived already whilst all that the rest of the world could do was to watch and hold its breath as the two great super powers squared-up to each other in a frightening game of propaganda and pro-nuclear weapons rhetoric.

As identified by Crass, in general but particularly under such circumstances as these, marching from one point to another in a CND demo was clearly not sufficient but what else could be done? How could any impact be made upon the power games that the ruling elite indulged? In fact, how could any protest against anything at all be bettered and made more effective?

By setting up permanent camp outside the missile base, the women of Greenham Common had already pointed to a way that went beyond the confines of an orthodox protest march, proving to be hugely effective in raising awareness as well as being a constant thorn in the government's side. Restricting the camp to women only had been a shrewd political ploy and whenever calling out for support of an action there had always been a good, positive response.

The Cruise missiles, however, were still on their way and now as passenger planes were being blown out of the sky it was obvious that something more needed to be done not to replace existing methods of protest but to add to and if possible to move them forward.

It was around this time that leaflets and posters started to appear advertising a 'Carnival Against War, Oppression and Exploitation' to be held in the financial centre of London. Produced by a small anarchist/peace activist group called London Greenpeace and distributed via anarchist, peace and animal rights networks, the leaflets declared September the 29th the day to Stop The City.

For such a simple yet inspired idea, it was hard to understand why it had never been thought of and attempted before? The City, after all, was where the profit from and investment into war was calculated and collated. It was the base of the Stock Exchange, the Bank of England, and practically every major financial institution in Britain and according to one of the leaflets was 'where the arms race starts, oppression is financed and exploitation organised'.

Standing in proud isolation from the rest of London, the City had its own mayor, its own unique electoral system and even its own bespoke territorial police force. In effect, it was a state within a state from where real power was operated.

On being distributed, the leaflets immediately set the cat amongst the pigeons, eliciting a complete retreat away from the idea by the CND leadership. Apart from having their own national demonstration due to take place the following month and not wishing anything to deflect from that, the decision to advise their members not to attend the Stop The City carnival underlined an awful truth: The CND leadership were more concerned about their public image and how they might be depicted in the Right-wing press than in trying to move the boundaries of the peace movement forward. They still believed that the government would listen to reason, particularly if they acted responsibly and presented themselves as reasonable people.

Because Stop The City was going to be unregulated and without any clearly defined structure the CND leadership felt it would be too unpredictable, potentially leading to a clash with the police. To have a protest take place in the heart of the financial district of London might also lead to antagonism, not only from the police but also from those who worked there as any disruption to 'business as usual' could have significant impact on the diverse range of business interests located there...

So would anyone take heed of the call out to come to the City on the 29th or would everyone simply follow the edicts of the CND leadership and wait for the upcoming national demo where they could once again be herded from one place to another? Come the day, over 1500 people responded in the positive, descending upon the City like a tribe of ancient Celts emerging from the wilds of Britain to lay siege to the Roman fortress. In stark contrast to the pinstriped suited orderliness of the City workers, these barbarian invaders dressed in their Punk rags and jumble sale hand-me-downs radiated an unrepentant unruliness, signalling that something highly unusual was taking place.

For as long as anyone could care to remember, the City had always been there, viewed as a great British institution and a central and essential engine room of the economy. Few people, however, had any real understanding of how it actually functioned, most only ever seeing about it when the rising and falling of stocks and shares values was being reported on the news. The Financial Times newspaper was perceived as being 'serious' and held an important position in the world of media though the only people who ever seemed to buy it were those directly involved in finance themselves. The City, then, was a self-contained world that was never queried and certainly never challenged, not by the wider public nor by those employed there in any capacity.

The workings of the City were just part and parcel of consensus normality along with the business of war and arms manufacturing, the slaughter of Argentinian conscripts, Third World hunger, pollution, vivisection, and so on. It was in the City that the profit from these 'tenets of normality' was calculated and managed; meaning that behind all the ills of the world sat gangs of usually white, rich, public school-educated, middle-aged men in suits benefiting from the suffering and misery of others and not giving a fuck.

A year earlier, those very same people had played host to the Falklands war victory parade but now they were having visited upon them a reality entirely at odds with their own. The City of London was now encountering what was in effect a section of the Crass audience. Having last congregated in a show of force at the Zig Zag squat gig, that same audience along with other fellow ideological travellers had once again gathered though this time not to celebrate, entertain or to be entertained but to put to test their collective power.

As the crowds of protesters gathered at the designated meeting points, an air of kinship and solidarity pervaded. Everyone knew that the other people around them were all there for the same reason, that being to stop the City. The city gents on the other hand were all somewhat disconcerted because after all, they were only trying to earn an honest day's pay for an honest day's work and what possible objection could anyone have to that?

The police, meanwhile, were totally confused and running around like headless chickens. If this was a demonstration that was taking place, should there not have been a start and end point to it all? Should there not have been a route to follow with some sort of rally at the end where speeches were given? Ideally somewhere out of the way such as in Hyde Park?

At the same time, the protesters found themselves in a strangely surprising position. By simply abandoning the normal mode of demonstrating they had suddenly entered a previously uncharted arena of autonomy and new possibilities. Suddenly and unexpectedly, the streets of the City appeared to be theirs for the reclaiming.

Like swarms of angry bees, large sections of the protesters started to spontaneously break away from the main gatherings and to charge through the streets, halting traffic and spreading general mayhem. Unable to decide whether to remain watching over the main crowds or to follow and try to keep up with the breakaway groups, the police were left floundering.

Mass chants of "1, 2, 3, 4 - we don't want your fucking war!" and "Human freedom, animal rights, one struggle, one fight!" echoed through the streets as anarchist black flags were raised and Union Jack flags burnt. Slogans were daubed onto walls and pavements as restaurants, banks and fur shops were stink-bombed. Under cover of the confusion, individual protesters set about glueing locks and damaging property whilst more openly, leaflets explaining the reasons behind the protest were handed out to the City workers. Large numbers headed to the Guildhall where the preparations for the election of the City's new mayor were taking place, causing disruption to the proceedings. Drums were banged, whistles blown, songs sung, paint bombs thrown, alarms set off and offices invaded. Organised chaos was the order of the day.

As the day wore on, even larger numbers made their way to the Stock Exchange in a bid to blockade the whole building although by this time the police had called in substantial reinforcements and were in no mood for further cat and mouse games. Throughout the day they had been dispensing regular punches and kicks upon the protesters, dragging them down and holding them in near strangleholds but at the Stock Exchange they fully let rip, riding their horses into the crowds whilst pushing and shoving violently. In the end these methods served them well, eventually forcing the protesters to scatter and thus disperse, bringing to a stumbling conclusion the day's events.

It was apparent that something very significant had occurred that day. Something pivotal not only in regard to the meaning of Punk (and Anarcho Punk in particular) but to the whole subject of power, control and political protest. It was the day that a definitive break was made from Punk being a musical genre grounded in image, attitude, drugs and rhetoric to a genuinely physical street level political presence, able and willing to engage in direct confrontation with those behind the levers of global economic control.

Despite the reservations Crass had about the state of Punk as described on Yes Sir I Will, Punk had in fact always been a furious womb, birthing all kinds of bawling, kicking, screaming, malformed, even stillborn offspring and now thanks in no small part to the efforts of Crass, Punk had come of age and had proved itself worthy.

Could Crass ever have envisaged when first bashing out practice versions of Owe Us A Living in their shed that it would lead to them being part and parcel of a street protest action like Stop The City? Likewise, when the Pistols called Bill Grundy a "fucking rotter" or when Joe Strummer in his squat penned White Riot, could they have imagined that it might years later lead to an attempted blockade of the London Stock Exchange? Hardly. Not that it was likely that come the day Rotten and Strummer et al were even aware of Stop The City though that didn't really matter because the lineage was there and they had already played their part even if they didn't know it.

In a similar fashion, it's unlikely that when London Greenpeace first floated the idea of Stop The City that they could have anticipated it would in the main be a horde of Punk rockers including the like of Disorder from Bristol with their 'Make Homebrew Not War' banner who would respond to the call.

Within the context of Punk, Stop The City was a high watermark but within the context of political protest it was equally significant. By simply rejecting and stepping outside of prescribed avenues of protest the Stop The City demonstrators had thrown off the shackles of conformity and touched a hitherto unrecognised freedom. No-one had imagined how easy it would be to confound the police, leaving them scrambling to regain control whilst the streets of the City were rampaged through. The freedom touched was that of acting without permission. To be out of control. A freedom that could not be asked for or given but only taken.

Permission hadn't been sought to hold a carnival against war, oppression and exploitation in the City because, of course, it would never have been granted, if only for the fact that it might incur the rights of the City workers to go about their daily business. For a large number of those workers, however, their daily business was in fucking up the world so in the end it came down to whose rights and whose freedom should prevail? The freedom touched by the protesters, then, was not a universal freedom but like all freedoms was one to be fought over.

At the end of the day, through use of sheer force the police saved the Stock Exchange from being blockaded and prevented the City being stopped though that's not to say that victory was all theirs. On perhaps a more significant level, the Stop The City demonstrators had thrown open a door and revealed a whole new realm where power and control could not only be effectively challenged but potentially overturned.

Behind that door lay a series of other doors and Stop The City was but the first tentative steps along a path that like the urban riots of 1981 could potentially lead to.... Where? Insurrection? Revolution? Anarchy in the UK? Who knew? Who could say? Though wherever it was, it was a place that those in authority wished to prevent people from reaching but where people again and again would keep on trying to get to...

Rudimentary Peni - Death Church

RUDIMENTARY PENI - DEATH CHURCH

And then there was Rudimentary Peni with their début LP, Death Church.

Having come to the attention of a wide audience the year previously with their Crass label release, Farce, there still remained an air of intrigue about Rudimentary Peni nurtured by the fact that they rarely played live (and then only in London) and that there were no available photographs of them. On top of this, their name still managed to unsettle and perplex which was more than could be said of any other Punk band name.

Released on the Corpus Christi label, Death Church arrived in a regular Crass-style fold-out sleeve covered in artwork that looked absolutely incredible, like some excavated alien Quatermass object. The drawings that had festooned their first 7" EPs had been elaborately eye-catching but now given a much larger canvas in the form of a 12" album sleeve to work on, guitarist and vocalist Nick Blinco had utilised it to full effect, cramming it with his meticulously detailed art. Demented, macabre, twisted, hellish, disturbed and disturbing. Rife with religious allusions, like Hieronymous Bosch as interpreted by a lunatic.

Enclosed with the LP came an insert containing thoughts on a variety of topics including animal vivisection in schools, the falsity of parental love, and advice on leaving home; along with quotes from the Pistols and The Clash that in hindsight revealed a glaring hypocrisy, plus a piece lambasting Punk gigs for not only being a waste of time but for being populated by 'prats masquerading as stereotypes'.

Pertinent to Anarcho Punk specifically was a post-mortem of the Crass/Poison Girls-sponsored Anarchy Centre, attributing the cause of its death to rampant drug abuse, petty theft and vandalism. The final stake through the Centre's heart being when the landlord banned the putting on of gigs there, subsequently cutting off the main form of income from which the rent was paid: 'One thing that emerges from this,' the article and by extension Rudimentary Peni concluded 'Is that all you people out there have a lot to learn about yourselves before 'Anarchy' or whatever you want to call it will ever get a real chance to work.'

All this before the record had even been played.

Starting with a very slow and very simple, lone bass line; the drums, guitar and vocals suddenly crash in all together and the first song begins: "Three quarters of the world are starving, the rest are dead. Overdosed on insensitivity, nail varnished to crosses."

Like a psychotic Discharge haiku, the track 1/4 Dead depicts life as a tormented hell on earth, with Nick Blinco's strangled vocals sounding as if trapped within a glass cage of noise. The words are sung once then propelled by the speeding up of the music are repeated but at double the pace and after just 82 seconds in total the song is over and the listener has entered the world of Rudimentary Peni.

"It's escapist shit of a feeble kind, a fucked up institution for fucked up minds. Holy matrimony is a blissful myth wholly based on tradition, wholly based on bullshit." So begins the track Blissful Myth, a bitter and venomous swipe against marriage.

Because so very little information about Rudimentary Peni was available it was being left to search within their songs to find clues as to what had brought them to their unique but clearly troubled state. Were they the end result of having dysfunctional parents and unhappy childhoods? Had bearing witness to the failed marriages of their parents led them to their apparent disgust with the concept of wedlock as described in Blissful Myth?

On their Penis Envy album, Crass too had taken a jack hammer to the institution of marriage but theirs was an almost ideological argument whilst Rudimentary Peni's view sounded as though it was born from personal experience: "Think you love each other, think you're so in touch but it's the shit institution you love so much. You love so much."

The track The Psycho Squat offered further clues about the path that had led Rudimentary Peni to where they were: "Couldn't stand dummy and maddy no more, that's why I had to go to the psycho squat." So was it via the squat scene that had led them to falling in with The Mob and The Apostles, and to being involved with the Anarchy Centre? Was Nick Blinco even referring to himself or to a fictional character? Whoever it was, the squat Punk experience didn't appear to have been a very good one for them: "Now the fleas carry blood about my body, the whining spiel goes round and round. The mass debate never ends."

Mass debate or masturbate? There was so much wordplay going on that it was sometimes difficult to tell. If it was indeed 'mass debate' then what might any debate have been centred around? Punk culture, possibly? That always seemed to be a good one and a topic of debate Rudimentary Peni held strong views on as detailed in the track Rotten To The Core: "Have you realised that rock stars always seem to lie so much? John Lydon once said he cared but he never really gave a fuck. Said he'd use the money he made so that people could have somewhere to go but now he lives in the USA and snorts coke after the show... Joe Strummer said he'd use the money he made to set up a radio station to make the airwaves full of something more than shit. Have you noticed we're still waiting?"

Or would any mass debate have been centred more around higher ideas such as the forlorn state of mankind as expounded upon in the track Poppycock: "Poppies are the opium of the people, you prefer poppies to people. You take pride in genocide. There are no poppies in the USA, there are no poppies in the USSR. Poppy monopoly in the UK. Poppy monopoly OK..."

Or perhaps it would have been centred around life, its meaning and everything as depicted in the track Cosmic Hearse: "Floating round the universe, fucking in our cosmic hearse. You know time don't ever end, can't evade those dead Zen men. You're the meat in big Buddha's dinner..."

There's a good argument for art never having to explain itself and that particular argument sat perfectly well with Rudimentary Peni. Like Conflict had done on their To A Nation Of Animal Lovers EP, Rudimentary Peni had brought under control their previously frenzied and delirious blasts of noise as presented on their 7" EPs and now held total mastery over their craft. It was now as if the songs on their album were like a pack of savage dogs brought to heel, held by firmly gripped leashes that at any given moment could be loosened, allowing the dogs to break free and attack indiscriminately.

By exerting such control, rather than losing any of their power the songs had instead become even more intense and even more volatile. More than any other band affiliated with Crass, Rudimentary Peni were artists - master craftsmen within their hardcore Punk field - outsider artists - carving out sonic sculptures, composing provocative poems and drawing extraordinary pictures. They were also under no obligation to explain themselves to anyone, which simply made them even more fascinating and even more disturbing.

One subject carried over from their Farce EP that required no explanation was their atheism which still boiled over with sheer disgust. In the track Army Of Jesus, profane and twisted images are evoked as in: "Stone the crows and fuck the pigs and pass the ammunition to Jesus, the holy ghost in mohawk hair has crept in every fucking where. Ten tons of the babe's foreskin and fifty thousand skeletons of Jesus... Though the world ate all your shits, they're still allowed to starve. The Turin shroud can't cover up your evil smelling cloud. Deliver us from Jesus, forever and ever. Bloody men."

Hope - and indeed, love - lay not with organized religion but within the individual self, the first step toward any notion of this being the realization of the total horror of life. Religion was nothing but the enforcement of that horror through apathy, lies and indeed, hate "in the warfare state".

As conveyed by Crass, saying 'No' was a good starting point and whilst Rudimentary Peni were echoing this, they were also underlining the necessity of having to face yourself, as relayed in the track Nothing But A Nightmare: "The pile of shit inside your brain in which you live is not your own, you live out all the lies you're given. You're too scared to face yourself, so you're too scared to please yourself. Living in your dream-world is nothing but a nightmare."

But even more important than this was the requisite to love yourself, as stated in the track The Cloud Song: "Have you ever realised you must love yourself? If you don't, how can you love anybody else?"

Whilst in the track Blasphemy Squad, following a chorus of "Never forget, never ever forgive. Wash your mouth out with pope," they declare "No need to feed from corpus Christi. No need to cower, inside you is the power."

How Rudimentary Peni must have relished the idea of naming their LP Death Church, and then having it released on a label called Corpus Christi. How very apt. How very, very fitting.

Another subject that needed no explanation was their vegetarianism. Eating meat was simply wrong, with no reason and no excuse for it. Not only did meat mean murder but it meant also murderous cruelty perpetuated by greed, abdication of responsibility and a paper thin illusion of tradition: "What makes you want this torn ripped flesh so desperately?" they ask in the track Pig In A Blanket "Are you worthy of having this suffering brought about to fuel your greed?"

Whilst in the track Flesh Crucifix, they conjure up one of their most horrific, startling and unsettling images of all: "Carnivores are like tombstones. Cremating animal carcasses, cremating animal shit coffins. Carnivores are like flesh tombstones." Think about it.

The album ends with the song entitled Dutchmen, which is presented as an almost straight narrative describing the murder of 20,000 Dutch men, women and children inside a British concentration camp. Whilst the British were guilty of their murder, the Dutch men were guilty themselves of the murder of Zulus, who in turn were guilty of tribal murders: "It's just the same in Northern Ireland, Poland and Afghanistan," they declare "They're just fighting for the right to enforce their own oppression through the bigotry and blindness of their moral law."

In the world as described by Rudimentary Peni, morality was a moveable feast. A feast that was moving all the time.

Immediately after the release of Death Church, rumours circulated that one of the band members was dying of cancer and that the album was Rudimentary Peni's swansong - their last will and testament - making it all the more poignant and all the more meaningful. It turned out that the rumours were true and that bassist Grant, did indeed have lung cancer.

From such a fraught scenario a monument to desperate living had been wrought that would forever stand as an unorthodox paean to the spirit of freedom. By good fortune, Grant in the end overcame his illness but many years would pass before Rudimentary Peni would ever play together again.

In the meantime, all that was left were the songs and the highlighting of the very simple fact that life was very fragile and very precious. A very simple fact that seemed to escape the vast part of humankind but in particular seemed to pass all those in positions of power...

Lack Of Knowledge - Grey

LACK OF KNOWLEDGE - GREY

Sometimes it seemed that whatever a Crass-affiliated band did they just couldn't win, a case in point being Lack Of Knowledge who having played at the Zig Zag squat gig subsequently had a four-track EP released on the Crass label, called Grey.

Whilst The System were criticised for being 'Crass clones', Lack Of Knowledge were criticised for not being Crass enough, and labelled instead as Joy Division copyists. If the truth be told, they undoubtedly did sound a bit like Joy Division although this was exactly what made them all the more interesting. Lack Of Knowledge were Joy Division as engineered by John Loder and produced by Penny Rimbaud, inhabiting the DIY world of Anarcho Punk.

Outside of the London squat/independent venue scene very little was actually known about them as a band, making their Grey EP oddly enigmatic. Wrapped in a sleeve adorned with nothing but black and white photos of tower blocks and bleak city landscapes, the record conveyed a sense of bareness and indeed, greyness.

When it came to the songs, even though the lyrics were sung in a conventional manner rather than shouted (or screamed) the structure of them eschewed such things as verses, choruses and middle-eights, and instead were short pieces of prose or vignettes mostly dwelling on apocalyptic reveries and future nightmare visions.

Lack Of Knowledge were square pegs in round holes, not really sitting comfortably alongside the likes of Dirt or Flux but then just as equally not fitting in with any of the Factory label bands either. In short, they were a perfect Anarcho band.

The System - Is Murder

THE SYSTEM - IS MURDER

In the meantime, over at Spiderleg Records the release of the second EP by The System found them also fulfilling their earlier signs of great promise in a most satisfactory way. Entitled Is Murder, the record revealed that since debuting with their Warfare EP a year previously, The System had continued with their knack of forging together various Punk influences to create their own pounding amalgamation.

Having spent the past year gigging with the likes of Flux Of Pink Indians, Crass, Alternative, and Dirt, their primary source of influence had been all things Anarcho and had now subsequently morphed into a hybrid of all these bands. For some - bemoaning the fact that there was already one Crass too many - this was a problem but the truth of the matter was that being the epitome of a so-called 'Crass band' was actually something to aspire to.

The System had taken essential ingredients from all their Anarcho peers and created a record that was not only pleasing to the ear but also to the eye. On thrashing, fuzzed-out rhythm guitar it could easily have been Crass's Andy Palmer himself playing - which was no bad thing in the slightest. Similarly, the sleeve design was a combination of The Mob's dove of peace, Crass's broken gun, and Dirt's Grim Reaper; all in stylish and stark black and white.

The only let down was that unfortunately The System still hadn't learned to write good, polemical lyrics and this was the only thing that held them back from being a truly great Anarcho Punk band. And alas, as The System were soon to disband after the release of Is Murder, it was something that in the end they would never achieve but instead would leave them being remembered as the band who were almost very, very good indeed.

Conflict - To A Nation Of Animal Lovers

CONFLICT -

TO A NATION OF ANIMAL LOVERS

Concerning itself also with the issues of animal rights and vegetarianism was the next 7" single release by Conflict on the Corpus Christie label, which found them finally coming into their own on both a musical and ideological level. With the added bonus of Steve Ignorant on shared vocals, To A Nation Of Animal Lovers was Conflict fulfilling all their earlier promise of being a uniquely important Punk band.

Containing three tracks, the first - entitled Berkshire Cunt - was almost typical blazing Conflict fare but enhanced ten-fold by the addition of Steve Ignorant whose voice when joined with Colin Jerwood's worked amazingly well. Spitting out the words at breakneck speed, taking turns with each verse then coming together for the chorus, the twin vocals delivered a thought-provoking description of the 'art' of fox hunting and the violent hypocrisy of those involved: "Civilised, upright citizens grin as the dog's teeth tear at shrieking skin. 'This ain't savagery, it's jolly old culture', as they stand and wait for death like vultures. She laughs at the bloody furs flying, re-applies her lipstick as the animal's crying. He claims the tail as privileged prize and kicks the mangled corpse aside."

Raining fire and fury upon the hunt participants committing murder in the name of sport, the aristocracy are named and accused of building their lives and their wealth upon a pile of bodies - "Slaughtered animals, slaughtered squaddies."

The second track, entitled Whichever Way You Want It, was Conflict bringing under control their usual storm of bluster and rage, and then riding the thunder. Led by the superb guitar playing of Kevin Webb, the noise pours out from the song like fire from a flame-thrower, kept in check by spine-tingling, piercing fret work. Elevated and pushed along by the suddenly enhanced and advanced drumming skills of Paco and complimented by the bass playing of Big John, it was the perfect vehicle for the ferocious anger of the lyrics describing and condemning the goings-on in an animal research laboratory: "While the guard stands bravely at the gate with guard dog by his side, the same breed of animal is butchered inside. What a fucking waste of money, what a fucking waste of time. A fucking waste of human knowledge, what a fucking way to die."

The third and final track, Meat Still Means Murder, revisits the song of (almost) the same name that appeared on Conflict's début album. Accompanied this time by Steve Ignorant and a near-chorus of angels, the song reiterates the heartfelt passion Conflict have for the subject of animal liberation, leaving the listener in no doubt as to their sincerity: "You moan about the seal cull, about the whale slaughter but does it really matter whether it lives on land or water? You've never had a fur coat, you think it's cruel to mink. Well how about the cow, pig, sheep? Don't they make you think? Since the day you were born you've never been told the missing link. Your blood, their blood serves the same. Serves the fucking, fucking same."

Conflict possessed a no-holds-barred, in-your-face attitude epitomised by the way they would never back down when fighting erupted at any of their gigs. This same attitude was in evidence on the sleeve of To A Nation Of Animal Lovers, where photographs of still alive animals tied-down by string with their innards hanging out were displayed in all their gory detail. And where the Subhumans on their Evolution EP had printed the addresses of where to buy cruelty-free cosmetics, Conflict not only printed the addresses of various protest groups such as the ALF who could assist in stopping animal abuse but furthermore they printed the names and addresses of people and companies directly responsible for that abuse.

Conflict had come of age.

Subhumans - Evolution

SUBHUMANS - EVOLUTION

Running concurrent with all the problems of living in Thatcher's Britain was the whole issue of animal rights that like the campaign for nuclear disarmament was seeing an upsurge of people wanting to get involved so as to put an end to the cruelty. Within the realm of Punk, interest in the subject was initially sparked by Beki Bondage, lead vocalist of Bristol Punk band Vice Squad, who would often talk about it in interviews. Within the realm of Anarcho Punk specifically, Flux Of Pink Indians had placed the issue firmly on the agenda with their Neu Smell EP, causing large numbers of people to search out more information on alternatives to eating meat and on ways to combat vivisection.

Traditionally, the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty against Animals (RSPCA) had always been the organisation to get involved with and to donate money to but increasingly they were being perceived as lacking any sense of urgency and of being rather safe. A more modern and more direct approach was felt to be required, leading to the rise of such groups as the Hunt Saboteurs Association (HSA) and the Animal Liberation Front - the ALF, both of whom openly advocated direct intervention.

Acting as a gesture of solidarity with all those who care for animals and as a wry critique of all those 'benefiting' in any way from experiments on animals, the title track of the next 7" single release by the Subhumans concerned itself with the topic of vivisection in their by now familiar Wiltshire Punk buzz.

Released on their own Bluurg label, the Evolution EP contained four songs, the title track being an infectious blast of sped-up twelve-bar Punk blues over which Dick Lucas blurted out his words: "Out in the garden there's a little white cat and you're catching cancer as you smoke that fag. 'When will they find the cure?' you choke. When enough cats have died of smoke? And they say that animals go for the throat."

Adorned with the same eye-catching style of artwork that graced their debut album, the sleeve contained a list of addresses of where to purchase cruelty-free cosmetics, which was amusing in a way simply because the Subhumans weren't really a band that looked as though personal grooming and hygene were major priorities of theirs.

Stonehenge '83

STONEHENGE '83

That same summer at the Stonehenge Free Festival, the cultural fusion that had begun at previous festivals was continuing apace as tribes of Punks, hippies and bikers mingled together to form both mental and physical cross-breeds.  A network of summer fairs and free festivals was by this time in place, including the Green Moon Gathering in Cumbria, the Cantlin Stone Free Festival, the Norwich Peaceful Green Fair, the Vines Cross Festival in East Sussex, and the Ingleston Common New Age Gypsy Fair near Bristol. The mother of them all, however, was Stonehenge, the prime alternative Butlins holiday destination for Britain's thriving counter culture that during the solstice was attracting up to 70,000 people.

When travelling between festivals it made sense both for practical and safety reasons to leave and arrive en masse, so all those living and travelling in coaches and buses and so on would always travel in a convoy. The year before, when setting off for Greenham Common from Stonehenge, these New Age travellers had announced themselves as the Peace Convoy. The name had stuck but by now due to the sheer size of the convoy they had attracted the attention of the mainstream media who unsurprisingly was choosing to depict them as unsavoury, lawless hippies; prefixing 'Peace Convoy' with 'so-called'. A process of demonization was beginning.

Meanwhile, over at Glastonbury Festival an entirely different problem was also starting following the introduction of a Local Government Act that required the festival for the first time to have a license; one of the conditions being that numbers get limited to 30,000 people.

The times were once again a-changing and with the prospect of four more years of Conservative rule, not in a good way.